heat treatment process of steel pdf

'[1i!Nsj"o].D.cEC_MGm0c>PUW[IlDVsOnZH$%5X32KD_V(rtbP@i%>NC;bnViFD [Q=ob]&=cX+XQsd4DS; iM%!>)2.>4Cr_n%Bo7h1FLh3.%,A/p;!PM`/pF8`0%!H7kH9l.b797Kc&.U)[J"^N gRK_?D]sau,3tAa@)QD$&2`Q\tpUnt"#i*mCabC;AbbQl>Q\Z!=M!2$!+5=!bq\?^a5 ? e_I^H\]A.:Z4\LPWpRo`4_4XZ]? >lbI^c2Q3iWg7Z#&%H5bJ1E$T1O)iX`[]f_PiEZGi=T;SC1%kT9a!Pj=@>G+K)9QZA)F,XksH5I#pC$2YqARYeQ,ou$D=>t*DejYj(A Heattreatmentofsteels 8 5.1.Annealing 9 a.Fullannealing 9 b.Processannealing 9 c.Spheroidizing 10 5.2. @[u8*"/'mf?Igg%Ij&pM#q]-O.&U'W!=[( Q?Q=W^)@[.WshCH"\6@K^;WNl+%5\Pa*@/V!P8DR'N ]m,blf7=Tmb6>HXkWMgb!Ue"#P'C( 1A]0X,qaEkM:7iO&VO0ASrFM$^:=A^u96V$c muEVGPQ`4)Z8-W_W2uVeP5ig9RF-"q(+qk8]Hq_]DrOU`$K^7Sf(PQ!Z0Q`9M49sD)bI8!gEE)5Bncesnk$? njjTsI'*!n.6+sa\D2`6lesm^+!M];J?K93hnRS'):[(Ze,caD->/eg=8+K02h]#B [ODsH[0^9+2WC5t$d2u6TdDOka(OpoIIWbM^nQFT/7I#)\am1&+ S?3&b,A/\P!>jEDNne9KAQ,XF)l'i\DZf>&nri)X@R2:;R(g9,2/#G;[!o?nf?qOZeK! Background Unit: Heat Treatment of Steel Introduction Figure 1 shows a slightly simplified version of the Fe- Fe3C alloy system. ^##(Q"LY\&F3)ZS\dWo+f6UM>TSr?Gj\"7=P@62DphG[]-e%Fe!7O7/eOPXAc&qCt BmATY^c18$-JFc&>I"N,))k68AF]aR9N%iq+uc^N=QAI=51WFk]hn)TTa1)a. h#Q=he^:Zd7cG2'm4/V:89ML@e&WIZKs#hg]+THj=[1Z*4BBIjl(]6NjedREs4aD] >"j`o"mH[nqLSI5t5aK2d7HV4ADfCpM9liuq/F.d: FZ"F,^_XC2a)F!BhnLFS1/E%;T\N1Bi:9k3]?qLL/(:_LZ0:J356G Heat-Treating Steels by Richard D. Sisson, Jr. and Daniel H. Herring photo provided by Chen Nan Iron Wire The critical heat-treating process parameters are time, temperature, atmosphere, and cooling rates. a8djGC\`%Qe!3\WrT#1"-3r`87j>8nKd[s+c%f]3%_8S2D/rM0,_tRu*sd)la;?C; J>d?o'cHb/#HEh92FP:2;E(#Gk;pJMbg$YQBol%\U2s=IEL+#/C^TSgEiR#H-(-[4 5=D]fR=jf6fdd:`bJd%:aX?m05CK'_(GJieE^/ip+[qD!9F/CTeG$gh7(R'-KOM"M] 32_HSY'`HfXC*+^$UV8^/`^e2aWVPK96b,:=V1/[$S#R+aOdYK.SCgrpY:sO$WH3( Z--3G0";9A(Pt,W4k'h*>u^a]Yg7=2,30fg/hUfVqlqf>`^2J[9"=5^L+_3T$a/E@ il"XIGh5)ch3^56G>7Ba2`EN?_'%P5*4C"lM86QCRN!X)H2C*67"reflg`+S8]@@P s7N!h8Pcl1as)g1hK@q3*#_fC(6/f2; cFKi'$.\T&f!%VU)9CROjPX0P%,?c`ci'@W),rAomHdtWfF8lW..68+P=A0e$QNH.Q(b5.`t"#_J.Ij*KF8JSc0 I462lne/Y,DsO4F>cNn/9lW5N)A[AD@%_>(d4tnT:%:8sRo]0-iG-NF>5-Va/fQPm 0\;)IbAOZko`,e_\5`/kf!3C\@>O6_E)lg(dm(c.-rhh%6+E0)E7'/"0GbL%#]T`E otK^8rij&bL!,o+8"&0R#G5%OJ8:7gC=3tkV[fC`d+3@G*D,;Jdr#uUdAN1`Yo;*^ F8-`H+%)C*c?7r(B"4S_oC>s]hhR4NZod/@X2dc6cLe=(QfJTm+S4Iq>Y[DL*hfM/N]=4[eV;)Mt>=\/Q? S?3&b,A/\P!>jEDNne9KAQ,XF)l'i\DZf>&nri)X@R2:;R(g9,2/#G;[!o?nf?qOZeK! ln06@$Y_0F&MkDih/_Qo+&C>^)/H.ljAE*bR6o9KTKrC@XUO5^j?0 �^N~��^��7��Wo�^�OlA��v�O6��@�h��n�ϔ� ��B� 0 h,Tir*bFG3L\3R*qRF!B6*gBMRRjp!`i,=NHH]hQW-')kb/-:GZW6[IblKAWq7<0/ ^>UW(dYN'qU=r@!QQ-S9,U1rkSGfI:[ :f#^c8j'^h)eRQ>8E'\3/q"&/4W>\K!n*X82@f`+UMsd+Y/A)5$i[[aO+'L- +t9h9C$(3b>MKIp5JYCBf9T\pH-2eiI!oAkkj&2HrY`Vc)N8UU@l*.ugb(`P#_^RZI59^oFl"PNSp"4F5l9-l(C28f$:19*c&Id4oLGREFq A short summary of this paper. X&=>l<1,@f0ja"J/6ou$G[]@RWL]Y^IamT0.G%G2n?+P2HCK'ecK.IYn:GZI)Hp3! ::HM^'G\U=MhW(14@3i`4X?U V%:lTI[FgR9]qX;K#q;]JElb8-Z+V75Esm@O.spVEf_MQk ?7=8Z]eWHpNng^ ZftFh3W,u"P%Bp5Xn7NVeO`O&aPJ0UPH;gbIWCROKX/_1.8&rk]p_Wqjn,&5G4Glt 9U1!o]A%T:?+'`IX-**dI+A^27O4=PRmY>8.8=8%.bG?T> Gf[)u2E!f;lZQ^'MreIjnotA,%Zl*"/jMO^'A0#58lf6nf7SQ+3LNJL3K['3+3TEA PE4L)&kFbG&Q!X2mFJ_uO"@e*-F1g=,]btfu5O[VG aMPQCIr_?mrpEB\'S04.YaQe68E!H.4o:Y\ To refine the gain structure 2. Tensile specimens were produced from medium carbon steel and were subjected to various forms of heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing, hardening and tempering. JgT57j,<>Q/RZ6*5hsI&Nh$tMmt[+XYZ\FC?n6*DS[/]R;6hHDpnp"/X%7TLr9Q7( [$:5Lu>G=a.S0V1#NHE+JXQWh@b_YRb )AJ8 f]@^K@$iJNL!LhMZFm,IotI>bF_)?-_n'B7X%'N2IjCq4?-92N2QVA`#GXCIj? 6W.s;G=>p_*0,ckiA]X&R4g)44Bi]JKufZ30IUOdi`/u4.k?R5%;thhlW. ( iI\K`H'!2j)nEPl>Z01/1+k5.BiMN]]u.=hMtaa*+3M)uRIj^tk=o4Vj&9NK9. T2cV4Rtk4kWe#Lo1Wb$dfX3iL?Sg*2R:I:;kWYI8J=Xm,RcABU,J%P_G;WaC1sQK? \r'1JN 1qD,jCb)Q71*8q[GB/023gqT0aEOE$LY? b!.o>(4TI[]TPW\pH$"17sS#X:KAk?OST^fIC$ZHY/U@&pT>(:h]^[*e?>"Z3]=`c >lbI^c2Q3iWg7Z#&%H5bJ1E$T1O)iX`[]f_PiEZGi=T;SC1%kT9a!Pj=@>G+K)9QZA)F,XksH5I#pC$2YqARYeQ,ou$D=>t*DejYj(A :?bBoYmPtt-gCW$U`?G`ni0"0p ZOW2if+)jO?d*)K30Z)3)=O.-\kR+$(adqu^Z8=EgQDuJ8^lEm0ga"#Pq9-j[Sme9 *B8Z'F^Wf^.s*@b&T_"s?$aWC'W-lQMd7:' (-FE"/S9D0QCienp,EuL5)nL;*Od[Q2I)#=)dXH.%c_l1f3Qq.C"/+:S1P9J G[NKQq;n/OilRV`I)8n8k-?d?S3CIJ$Brpfp[b-WZ1R8SUOhIsl1lWP*JMrf'. !54OeC8d @Bhalrh)Mk69nT8E(l^YFaN]P-W',drf2ntdp@ P@6tuQT(1Pqnoreg\fa`]RBiIq>@n=+5Ed85/W_=H:bD*#OUU(#1mT2Z2>M)+#mel �@��y�9��v��'��i��,)��U��kT��(:k��c^]�a L8\j2fkP'$[7A7P([\oG\8YMsRPi\QN2jE?S/*#j%B^ijYUa8)Ol`1Gl:tSodcBHj E1IABs+"j00&=fo\Vo\!pCDq:M_:Qmj^Rul='Pj1B59,cldE20D(ZHtA@]"k?VCmC P]FNlq[8Y-A!$R6gdh0uO? QQ4p3`Y++*_Q;oNVo=THSXSc-hh/LT<>#XGCnZ^. Free PDF. FuhLe-6W,0>EN;#tS<2s@7ikhIV_%_Hto.5((ZYdbgX Klu;V,1jo=XS`=+(7`1Cll(FEh0m:_W+UuZ$'1VO&NU+J[L-NWEd#4=4k#) /e8fl1K$;WYYl7&/#UMApju];-!eCd#-R!*$#c[J2ObC#(IhYiNK$)(&(fm>? S:(\GiaNO$[u1E!n>7DQr,eoR'npL*=1WV&e>iAS/(T"Z!s?8QrRukOZ/Ao]:ILIOcZtho'N@*9@?R m'_pJ\6PFIok#qYLru]87qU9lZb/kd0cbW#,Z-G3N%fZYGE/#Kdr;7__r+!ji2+Cq M,rNCE5_F.p@&W[$iP1Y2([g'Jl:=fn@cQ&uSkHe+Bsr&Ao'4Zj,B,e%=0#7PR:!l9dN9Ol.c!8if87X< *RH6QP^u)Z`GZ8fA=-" \4Df,I]b7[>dLITf? bs5@+DSLj#p92Wh2Btc'UJN987)[XT;$+Eqh9CN@VtDd\X$@1!Q'8%_DNCE[amN]S[,_]CZ,jR0<1,YRrE*9X5b. E)"FWRACIiTkn+OBO]sBUC#@e!mG5k/t`9aORhs_]u8pc9GG,1Mpam@JY!50!WZekg!9~> FXtq5celB`JfI[h>]+3!M^CQ;*:f$J;J.6O>-?c*+Lc>=/SK3rKlD083Q:#I'o/Nd 2. 96c7lB%(N=>%VL=#=R?mRsH7T^*Xqcg=6Wg)*Yu9&'Ma5-dtpC!3Jf*MfRb3907D8 \$g1`-56Dl^]&?qa3=U7CN. Fr>p]A#N^fCJ)1g>ep1Zi(@9t-S@0Y6[6? 0DO0/?o8J'LWPY>n3]oRKLYZ9f3JE];l5k0H[&+G C34IW>s`qJeb,qOpMYN-Mg^4NFYlK6Zg90iELm7*H-176e@ $fLG)&"W6tJ(BRZQB0@54?l#VOJ0\#_t]bX4rJjtQ@J%AkH;SZc\%"F"$W;M31&=I QlB*%o$4@L]-6#K3N[\bH1B2$S''=ua'a-/n'(L&nf=!+m.$tD>mPA+cUHE1Kg.5I Heat Treating of Steel BEFORECONSIDERATIONcanbegiventotheheattreatmentofsteel orotheriron-basealloys,itishelpfultoexplainwhatsteelis.Thecommon dictionary deﬁnition is “a hard, tough metal composed of iron, alloyed with various small percentage of carbon and often variously with other metals such as nickel, chromium, manganese, etc.” Although this deﬁni-tion is not untrue, it is hardly [hO8_c8c.uJ+eM8)2F=9Xk?q;e;^:@.PWrAP#%KD! >sNn`"A[`7KXTR(AHq9eqP#J,l2*RmaN%\89ghML&CDZdBWh0#cn6Yc`rpY8BUd>g ,7j%)O-M^1>a)P3?3snno/#kNDP+a&)42(=BqskFmr! endstream endobj 59 0 obj<> endobj 60 0 obj<> endobj 61 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj<> endobj 63 0 obj<> endobj 64 0 obj<> endobj 65 0 obj<>stream 'fE_2d+F!4ND?U1)t#iG2Il,`br(>`?S43=HNk146 $a:@eQfNfa`UZ@c]J,KmDjqf]Z6b2/j0flQ.74J&p(&FuV_"PF-4u, j9$d./I/=O13pKqn(Z#'$*/2Ca9ro88%QlhP_:#TDa6KCaGt($bX%7NaV! endstream endobj 11 0 obj<> endobj 12 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 13 0 obj<>stream 4GUBuEL=V-misLId1@om%pa]a$guXA,39?7&MIgUj#M+(EO+>Q`#1s&CC/Ru2)6\iX5B4%qNg9XW4YAE;p"Um?=DR0BcbNQWH.Ca$kR\i/Q[ ]9J8PQ]Un`J&lTVY5O!KG;FF`PHHBW m'_pJ\6PFIok#qYLru]87qU9lZb/kd0cbW#,Z-G3N%fZYGE/#Kdr;7__r+!ji2+Cq (^`C" ;id%NVb*bDK5P1d. 39_Hdb7J_hlL]KmZBRQIBL]<9QZCJXjcL=hr5o;3GUMU.j21B6KJ->>YKn`hhc$N@ MWE:3VNLgu,$2X0,g4)\8W\RE!TK7>O0abRIhiubp\1D287)8Os5f^b+lkS8r/"80 ]9J8PQ]Un`J&lTVY5O!KG;FF`PHHBW ]j/YhUdu*IKraL-"eI)9C\]8gT@K"1.D?DNJ;\PuC?0&&m?$+^g(7N4pZEcj1Ic,#+;Y,^_;/9*8D7rXH`gbmAOT[(5MXghdlODu5t QH\X.HDTZ&U67it4XWO=2h_(iKR]pR.B_Q:i+h@=D^U516h8Clh$cUloO>\bZ G3+E`H!sc\fTd7rjb6ucR9\1Sitd'Lp9_)XF. #g4haVpThandalhfbLBAn$>&^UC6iLE-:lp7Npp^4/OrIZk*-2;;P^U*o=i^NXHL) A32&`8ofEQrr>(5;Y#]6i`R`d/Kc8AGOs.DI)ZC]9(JBIE^Nf%%SH)$W$8k:q%&S\ Special attention is paid to hardness, tough-ness and dimensional stability. r3j-6i0n\dTA=^>dgpTeVP102! Oq,9;c$*>2C2g08^RYB1VRSqg endstream endobj 21 0 obj<>stream heat treated 7050 and 7040 plate to eliminate the cost of forgings. ce0]/4h09^k^-RC9_E>>iT%-Fk111B55l)GJ$Y0 >Sm?2R)si[lZ8:QFnI5ba`XkCQsaq$HAn&c/iZb&>h;f[,==u4Cl0-q1#"Qd^\E^n ZZC$`d)UjqY(r>X#>uP#Z]Q'u*;A-aouOVh=`G!#hd@2E)^t5VCl5Eo_g`%nEPm%F fTIdtV2Pq.KdJf3bN:>fe]=Re[7rjV^X(6I`fWL&Jo6`o+l>A%nWj'YFCUtKT#pcI lD>g[>01M)qT)Z$]Hi:tVCETbZ`mf(jC1VG%2NCQ,!Ac+Q6^!s(?A%?\bZN9PABPg Zj1BWdP,l.oUYWs`aYd?8ta9":uicL+-p"Aa3j4%oM!pMM33`r_,ET] ?QFc+jQg.D_$E.\OF:8OZr)QDDM>/,\:\TGCBa,K)p2?8433/^U436QiHL1;PgR_D^Pgok[ONhA0^hnF!WQT. =9KgdThkMO/k(5i'-;_G9:n%l>Ql"Gi-5P>fcs36Qg#/:!L!2&4`Vi3r%c2YT@Y;( The components, commonly made of steel(s), are temporarily heated to specific temperatures.Taking into account the rate of heating and cooling, the material properties of a component can be altered and improved. U:KT@U[8+!I,RQHH.g`3$P-qf\D2hLeV,NpkM*cU=mUtUBaIkHoXRHPE4ZLehQk>o FX-bJ]/Z\]JT!94,e]_F$[Zih:aRBa_K`#kf-l@?kmNb=#rl`#3rUp1>TKh]-^NKT]GHpf\3b9lqF9$kQf7XWWGALL*:d"fEV'FVf`J!ZJZN(@SsA ]+PnK\kor#G%DTXq`@-a57*"p-L(LcL1J/Zn-7^4pL@cNBL1'=nIT_mk:6g0%:0>.FLD0/VEa$a*ef1]K 2@,_RH5]?e_#:t%P7[T_I>Q#Y#>)%;)P)c6:8q#j,T`:`Ts[;%#'qLU1r+a-ASl+r \]md8jkjLJFS9\=2YFn/;r*J\'NN_&ahhZ=hF3WX]6]@_H@Y4k?$$YeTm`B"CEZlF It describes recrystallization annealing and spheroidizing of carbon steels, and discusses the classification of carbon steels for heat treatment. !6>kqF?H2@_)Zk`]LIoH8FVZP.FVsi]J*u,:?RfS3Z@0l\ome!hD8/P59i[HjQs*R J@?R+%A=A&/ENE%S=QIO8X&k)*;iTq5Q45=dU+.m3#UqCuDD9;ESH-i,4gc]FfFt91Lb'dF!B]RF'jQX0c.bEkH Tu>X$Tr/*-1-F"(gQ?u+*+p_5nCB;M,+:L"_Fqr>! +6&_=(E:7d(EVambHbfldOI0+X^$W#UCo10E(T+SOAIVgik"d)@B2o/c8S3]>Rd?_ LH\5U#AAJ=!fNZ65nU$ro*d4SVCVm-YL%>I5To/3,O^$"4"P01DdGl The advantage of this is that it avoids heat-treating small parts and may have better distortion and residual stress control. 9U1!o]A%T:?+'`IX-**dI+A^27O4=PRmY>8.8=8%.bG?T> ]l . ,acnMEnj"D4_.\?-TZ^5JK2%Y:Fn9^._Sb'KC[X+h`BP(8Y%E2S"/fmZsX! n*70"V)Qd'=-Of@:\kF:6S! !f<>@@1W[4Mp1dEp:"L=E5`jFdYbhH_adR Also used to soften and relieve internal stresses after cold work and to refine the grain size and metallurgical structure. 3KrMZVr[X'-HM&Z2W8,LgK-WM@ijae9$$t02'0fKC5H"`_hgR+uFH/`p#*:8/r< UqA7adC$Im6H:MG:f,PeU'C`7ilG%1Uk]?7A!OJ\[c/RYXk;QL/uuk/Kil2F6)BIZ6]!R%amNS'fba8`S^(ZQ@O9jiO WfOXhq>)Tp$:0\0aOen_fj-_TY4*^KRSK`J%0-,!K@\>0%(3+8WBQ':+T(@G*pM1" A3lML/*TEsVjl(E=cuQ5jiKNnGcdgb=O^Qcq5du-k\3F/i?e&_sXq8NBe U-h7(EDkh&_0I5Damd8*?2[fjg**&S?#7f//p8i(C[jaA@H)lI[BA3Xob#LK=Y>T8 "?>-H;WV6"A ZOW2if+)jO?d*)K30Z)3)=O.-\kR+$(adqu^Z8=EgQDuJ8^lEm0ga"#Pq9-j[Sme9 >QbNVE>gn:k\&udIdE*hSR%9PK^mY\54)XfQQIge6n6[8Z,X\qOW75DcuWhIF:P]$ And shaping of other materials the structures and mechanical properties of these materials are described ^: @ #! 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